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<title>Merchants Despatch</title>

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</style><table class="infobox ib-company vcard"><caption class="infobox-title fn org" style="font-size: 125%;">Merchants Despatch Transportation Company</caption><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label">Founded</th><td class="infobox-data">1857</td></tr></tbody></table>

<p>The <b>Merchants Despatch Transportation Company</b> (<b>MDT</b>, also known as the <b>Merchants Despatch Refrigerator Line</b>) was established in 1857 or 1858 by the <a href="American_Express" title="American Express">American Express Company of New York</a> (then a freight forwarding service). The entity was reformed as a joint stock trading company on June 1, 1869, with ownership divided among the <a href="Cleveland%2C_Columbus%2C_Cincinnati_and_Indianapolis_Railway" title="Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway">Cleveland, Columbus, Cincinnati and Indianapolis Railway</a> (CCC&I), the <a href="Lake_Shore_and_Michigan_Southern_Railway" title="Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway">Lake Shore and Michigan Southern Railway</a>, and the <a href="New_York_Central_Railroad" title="New York Central Railroad">New York Central Railroad</a> (NYC), all part of the <a href="Cornelius_Vanderbilt" title="Cornelius Vanderbilt">Cornelius Vanderbilt</a> rail empire.

</p><p>The MDT entered the refrigerated transit business around 1880, and within five years had 1,900 <a href="Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">reefers</a> in service, making it one of the largest such concerns in the United States. Historian and author John H. White describes MDT as "the oldest corporate name connected with refrigerated transit to survive into modern times." The company began manufacturing cars on a small scale in 1883 and in spring of 1887 constructed a large manufacturing facility near <a href="Rochester%2C_New_York" title="Rochester, New York">Rochester, New York</a> in a town they named <b>Despatch</b> (present-day <a href="East_Rochester%2C_New_York" title="East Rochester, New York">East Rochester</a>). MDT hired 900 workers and embarked on an aggressive car building program; by 1900 the firm owned 6,687 units, slightly more than half of which were <a href="Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerator cars</a>.

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<p>The East Rochester plant would grow in time to encompass some 64 <a href="Acre" title="Acre">acres</a> (with an adjacent rail yard of equal size), and would produce on the order of 36 cars per day. The installation became the main car plant within the New York Central system. MDT adopted the Wickes Patent into its refrigerator car design. Even with its own substantial manufacturing capacity, MDT at times purchased rolling stock from outside companies such as <a href="Pullman_Company" title="Pullman Company">Pullman</a> in order to meet the demands imposed by its rapidly expanding shipping service.

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<p>The company incorporated in the State of <a href="New_York_(state)" title="New York (state)">New York</a> in May, 1911. 3,400 reefers were sold to the NYC in December 1912, and 2,988 to the Lake Shore line, though all of the units were in turn leased back to the MDT. The firm was reincorporated as a <a href="Delaware" title="Delaware">Delaware</a> corporation in 1923. Circa 1925, the NYC established a new subsidiary, the <b>Eastern Refrigerator Despatch</b> (mirroring the expansion strategy of the rival <a href="Fruit_Growers_Express" title="Fruit Growers Express">Fruit Growers Express</a>). Operation of the ERD, along with its 2,100 reefers, was quickly absorbed by Merchants Despatch. In November, 1928 the MDT purchased the <b>Northern Refrigerator Car Line</b> (founded by <a href="Milwaukee" title="Milwaukee">Milwaukee's</a> <a href="Michael_Cudahy_(meat_packing)" class="mw-redirect" title="Michael Cudahy (meat packing)">Cudahy</a> brothers) and its 1,800 cars.

</p><p>A holding company, Merchants Despatch, Inc., merged with the MDT in 1936; the new venture was chartered in Delaware on December 18. In 1962 the NRC was combined with Merchants Despatch. At the same time, greater emphasis was placed on auto carrier business; from 1961 to 1966, the company acquired nearly 1,200 <a href="Autorack" title="Autorack">autorack</a> cars (although the base <a href="Flatcar" title="Flatcar">flatcars</a> were owned by MDT, the rack structures were owned by the New York Central). MDT also entered the <a href="Intermodal_freight_transport" title="Intermodal freight transport">Intermodal freight transport</a> business, and purchased 572 Flexi-Van <a href="Containerization" title="Containerization">container</a> flats (intended mainly for use in mail service on <a href="Train" title="Train">passenger trains</a>) between 1958 and 1965.

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<p>As part of the consolidation of facilities planned for the Penn Central merger, the car shop was closed down on April 1, 1970, and the 72-acre property was sold off.<sup id="cite_ref-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In July, 1985 the MDT assumed the responsibility for car weighing and inspection previously under the purview of the <b>Eastern Weighing and Inspection Bureau</b>.

</p><p>After ceasing construction, MDT would continue as a repair shop, and a car lessor to both railroad and private companies. As an independent lessor, it was able to outlast NYCs merger into Penn Central, and their collapse into Conrail. However, after the 1998 purchase of Conrail, MDT's assets were merged and the company dissolved in 2000.

</p><p><b>Merchants Despatch Transportation Company Roster, 1900–1970:</b>

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<td align="center">  3,550

</td>

<td align="center">  5,388

</td>

<td align="center">  308

</td>

<td align="center">  11,938

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<td align="center">  13,346

</td>

<td align="center">  9,690

</td>

<td align="center">  6,714

</td>

<td align="center">  7,181  

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<p><b>Northern Refrigerator Car Line Roster, 1930–1960:</b>

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<td align="center">  3,494

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<td align="center">  4,651

</td>

<td align="center">  4,064

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<td align="center">  3,747  

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<p><small>Source: <i>The Great Yellow Fleet</i>, p. 16.</small>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFBaer2015" class="citation web cs1">Baer, Christopher T. (April 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.prrths.com/newprr_files/Hagley/PRR1970.pdf">"A General Chronology of the Pennsylvania Railroad Company"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Pennsylvania Railroad Historical & Technical Society</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">April 8,</span> 2019</span>.</cite></span>

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</ol></div>

<ul><li>White, John H. (1986). <i>The Great Yellow Fleet</i>. <a href="Golden_West_Books" title="Golden West Books">Golden West Books</a>, San Marino, CA. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-87095-091-6</bdi>.</li>

<li><cite id="CITEREFWhite1993" class="citation book cs1"><a href="John_H._White_Jr." title="John H. White Jr.">White, John H. Jr.</a> (1993). <i>The American Railroad Freight Car: From the Wood-Car Era to the Coming of Steel</i>. Baltimore: <a href="Johns_Hopkins_University_Press" title="Johns Hopkins University Press">Johns Hopkins University Press</a>. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>0-8018-4404-5</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/26130632">26130632</a>.</cite></li>

<li>Hinman, Roger C. (2011). <i>Merchant's Despatch; Its Equipment and History</i>. Signature Press, Wilton, CA. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>1-93001-329-9</bdi>.</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.rochester.lib.ny.us/rochimag/erpath/industry.htm">Rochester Images</a> — contains images of the MDT car shops along with the Foster-Armstrong Company (later known as the American Piano Company and then Aeolian American Corporation).</li></ul>

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</style><div id="Major_private_refrigerator_car_lines_of_the_United_States61" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Major private <a href="Refrigerator_car" title="Refrigerator car">refrigerator car</a> lines of the United States</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Refrigerator_Transit_Company" title="American Refrigerator Transit Company">American Refrigerator Transit Co.</a></li>

<li><a href="Armour_Refrigerator_Line" title="Armour Refrigerator Line">Armour Refrigerator Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Burlington_Refrigerator_Express" title="Burlington Refrigerator Express">Burlington Refrigerator Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Fruit_Growers_Express" title="Fruit Growers Express">Fruit Growers Express</a></li>

<li><a href="General_American_Transportation_Corporation" class="mw-redirect" title="General American Transportation Corporation">General American Transportation Corporation</a></li>

<li><a href="Hormel" class="mw-redirect" title="Hormel">Hormel and Co.</a></li>

<li><a href="North_Western_Refrigerator_Line" title="North Western Refrigerator Line">North Western Refrigerator Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Pacific_Fruit_Express" title="Pacific Fruit Express">Pacific Fruit Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_Express_Agency" title="Railway Express Agency">Railway Express Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Santa_Fe_Refrigerator_Despatch" title="Santa Fe Refrigerator Despatch">Santa Fe Refrigerator Despatch</a></li>

<li><a href="St._Louis_Refrigerator_Car_Company" title="St. Louis Refrigerator Car Company">St. Louis Refrigerator Car Co.</a></li>

<li><a href="Swift_Refrigerator_Line" title="Swift Refrigerator Line">Swift Refrigerator Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Juice_Train" title="Juice Train">Tropicana Products</a></li>

<li><a href="Union_Refrigerator_Transit_Line" title="Union Refrigerator Transit Line">Union Refrigerator Transit Line</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Fruit_Express" title="Western Fruit Express">Western Fruit Express</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Refrigerator_Line" title="Western Refrigerator Line">Western Refrigerator Line</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="American_Express269" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="American_Express269" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="American_Express" title="American Express">American Express</a></div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Payment products</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Accolades_Card" title="Accolades Card">Accolades Cards</a></li>

<li><a href="Charge_card" title="Charge card">Charge cards</a></li>

<li><a href="Credit_card" title="Credit card">Credit cards</a></li>

<li><a href="ExpressPay" class="mw-redirect" title="ExpressPay">ExpressPay</a></li>

<li><a href="Traveler's_cheque" class="mw-redirect" title="Traveler's cheque">Traveler's cheques</a></li>

<li><a href="Centurion_Card" title="Centurion Card">Centurion Card</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Corporate_spin-off" title="Corporate spin-off">Spun-off</a> companies</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Ameriprise_Financial" title="Ameriprise Financial">Ameriprise Financial</a></li>

<li><a href="First_Data" title="First Data">First Data Corp.</a></li>

<li><a href="Lehman_Brothers" title="Lehman Brothers">Lehman Brothers</a></li>

<li><a href="Railway_Express_Agency" title="Railway Express Agency">Railway Express Agency</a></li>

<li><a href="Warner-Amex_Satellite_Entertainment" class="mw-redirect" title="Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment">Warner-Amex Satellite Entertainment</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Executives</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Henry_Wells" title="Henry Wells">Henry Wells</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Fargo" title="William Fargo">William Fargo</a></li>

<li><a href="J._C._Fargo" title="J. C. Fargo">J. C. Fargo</a></li>

<li><a href="Howard_L._Clark_Sr." title="Howard L. Clark Sr.">Howard L. Clark Sr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Ralph_Reed_(American_Express)" title="Ralph Reed (American Express)">Ralph Reed</a></li>

<li><a href="James_D._Robinson_III" title="James D. Robinson III">James D. Robinson III</a></li>

<li><a href="Lou_Gerstner" title="Lou Gerstner">Louis V. Gerstner Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Sanford_I._Weill" title="Sanford I. Weill">Sanford I. Weill</a></li>

<li><a href="Harvey_Golub" title="Harvey Golub">Harvey Golub</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenneth_Chenault" title="Kenneth Chenault">Kenneth Chenault</a></li>

<li><a href="Gary_Crittenden" title="Gary Crittenden">Gary Crittenden</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Corporation" title="Corporation">Corporate</a> <a href="Board_of_directors" title="Board of directors">directors</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Stephen_Squeri" title="Stephen Squeri">Stephen Squeri</a> (Chairman)</li>

<li><a href="Daniel_Akerson" title="Daniel Akerson">Daniel Akerson</a></li>

<li><a href="Charlene_Barshefsky" title="Charlene Barshefsky">Charlene Barshefsky</a></li>

<li><a href="Ursula_Burns" title="Ursula Burns">Ursula Burns</a></li>

<li><a href="Peter_Chernin" title="Peter Chernin">Peter Chernin</a></li>

<li><a href="Vernon_Jordan" title="Vernon Jordan">Vernon Jordan Jr.</a></li>

<li><a href="Jan_Leschly" title="Jan Leschly">Jan Leschly</a></li>

<li><a href="Richard_C._Levin" title="Richard C. Levin">Richard C. Levin</a></li>

<li>Edward D. Miller</li>

<li><a href="Frank_Popoff" title="Frank Popoff">Frank Popoff</a></li>

<li><a href="Robert_D._Walter" title="Robert D. Walter">Robert D. Walter</a></li>

<li><a href="Ron_Williams" title="Ron Williams">Ron Williams</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="The_Adventures_of_Seinfeld_%26_Superman" title="The Adventures of Seinfeld & Superman">The Adventures of Seinfeld & Superman</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Salad_Oil_scandal" class="mw-redirect" title="Salad Oil scandal">Salad Oil scandal</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Monuments_Fund" title="World Monuments Fund">World Monuments Watch</a></li>

<li><a href="65_Broadway" title="65 Broadway">65 Broadway</a></li>

<li><a href="Falmer_Stadium" title="Falmer Stadium">Falmer Stadium</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_Business_Saturday" title="Small Business Saturday">Small Business Saturday</a></li>

<li><a href="200_Vesey_Street" title="200 Vesey Street">Three World Financial Center</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Express_%E2%80%93_Virtual_Reality" title="American Express – Virtual Reality">Virtual Reality (advertisement)</a></li>

<li><a href="Kabbage" title="Kabbage">Kabbage</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Ohio_v._American_Express_Co." title="Ohio v. American Express Co.">Ohio v. American Express Co.</a></i> (2018)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow hlist" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><span class="noviewer" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Category"></span></span> Category</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2023-04-14" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Merchants_Despatch&oldid=1149783085">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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